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GEOL 301 - Mineralogy

photo - rock

 

MINERALOGY 301, FALL 2002


Instructor: Dr. Jodie L. Hayob Office Phone: 654-1425
Office: Room 439 Jepson Home Phone: 371-0281
(no calls after 9 p.m. please)

Office Hours: T, R 9:00 - 10:45 a.m. e-mail: jhayob (eaglenet)
(or by appt./ M, W 10:00 - 10:45 a.m. jhayob@umw.edu
walk-in anytime)


Course Objectives: Minerals are the building blocks of rocks, and thus our Earth. A solid understanding of the chemical and physical properties of minerals is fundamental to understanding more global geologic processes, such as volcanic eruptions, plate movements, and the alteration (e.g., mineralogical transformations) of rocks as a result of heat, pressure or interaction with fluids. This course is thus a prerequisite for most of our upper level geology classes and will prepare you for subsequent courses in the geological sciences that focus at a larger scale on the study of rocks (petrology, sedimentation/stratigraphy), the deformation of rocks (structural geology), and plate motions (plate tectonics), as well as courses in geochemistry and the environmental sciences. This semester you will learn how minerals are defined by geologists, how they are classified on the basis of chemistry and structure, the importance of the various mineral groups, and to identify common rock-forming minerals in hand sample, in thin section, and using the powder X-ray diffraction technique. Because you will need to study mineral specimens and thin sections outside of official lab time, samples will be available at night and on weekends in room 405 (accessible by a combination lock).

Prerequisite(s): Geology 111. College chemistry (CHEM 111 and 112) is strongly recommended as a pre-requisite or co-requisite.

Lecture: MWF 11 - 11:50 Room 409 Jepson Science Center
Lab: M 1 - 3:50 Room 405/409 Jepson Science Center


Field Trips: Sat. Sept. 28th (8 ~ 4) Required: Mineral, VA (sulfide/iron mines)
(excl. labs) Sun. Oct. 20th (8 ~ 5) Optional: Old Rag Hike, Shenandoah Park
Sat. Nov. 2nd (9:30 ~ 5) Required: Morefield Mine, Amelia, VA
Sun. Nov. 17th (9 ~ 4) Required: Natural History Museum, D.C.


Text(s): Klein, C. (1999/2002) Mineral Science, 22nd ed. (revised from Dana)
Nesse, W.D. (1991) Introduction to Optical Mineralogy, 2nd ed.


Grading Policy: Lecture: 3 Midterms 13 % each
(60 % total) Final (cumulative) 21 %

Lab: 6 Homework + 6 Quizzes 30 % total (equal wt.)
(40 % total) Final Exam (mostly 2nd half) 10 % scheduled individually

(Mid-sem.: Satisfactory > 73% overall; due Oct. 17th)


Labs are mandatory.
Grading is on a 'straight' scale (i.e., 70-72 = C-, 73-76 = C, 77-79 = C+).

Honor Pledge: "I pledge that I have neither given nor received unauthorized help on this work"


MINERALOGY 301 - Lecture Guideline


Part I. Theory of order in crystalline materials. [Forms, Miller Indices, Projections
Physical Properties, Crystal Systems and Pt. Groups will be covered in lab]
Part II. Chemistry and geometry of basic solids (single phases).
Part III. Systematics of rock-forming minerals (silicates).


Date Topic(s) Readings

Part I: Crystallography Ch. 2, 6; p. 197-200

M 8/26 Course Introduction, Definition of a Mineral Ch. 1; Ch. 4 (104-115)
W 8/28 Crystallographic Laws, Motifs Ch. 5 (170-194; 234-237)
F 8/30 Symmetry Operations & Point Groups (32) " "
M 9/2 " " " "
W 9/4 " " " "
F 9/6 Lattice Concept (2-D, 3-D), Unit Cell Concept Ch. 5 (213-222)
M 9/9 Lattice Symmetries, 2-D Lattices (5 Nets) Ch. 5 (222-224; 215-222)
W 9/11 " " " "
F 9/13 3-D (Space) Lattices (14 Bravais Lattices) Ch. 5 (229-234)
M 9/16 " " " "
W 9/18 " " " "
F 9/20 3-D Space Groups (230) - Reduction to Pt. Groups Ch. 5 (237-239)
M 9/23 General Lattice Properties " "
W 9/25 EXAM - 1st Midterm ---
F 9/27 X-ray Diffraction Theory Ch. 7 (309-321); Handouts
M 9/30 " " " "
W 10/2 " " " "
F 10/4 Crystal Imperfections/Defects (point, line, plane) Ch. 4 (151-157)
M 10/7 Crystal Imperfections - Twinning " "; Ch. 5 (208-213)
W 10/9 " " " "
F 10/11 " "; Metamict minerals and Mineraloids " "; Ch. 4 (148-151)


Part II: Chemistry and Geometry of Minerals

M 10/14 NO CLASS - Fall Break ---
W 10/16 Ionic Radii/Charges, Bonding in Minerals Ch. 3 (38-55; 56-64)
F 10/18 Coordination Theory and CCP/HCP Ch. 3 (64-80)
M 10/21 Common Structure Types (Isostructuralism) Ch. 3 (80-90)
W 10/23 GUEST SPEAKER: Robert Hazen Scientific American article
F 10/25 Solid solutions, Exsolution processes Ch. 3 (90-94); Ch. 4 (143-148)
M 10/28 NO CLASS – Dr. Hayob at GSA ---
W 10/30 EXAM - 2nd Midterm Dr. Hayob at GSA ---
F 11/1 " " " "; BD (74-81)
M 11/4 " " " "
W 11/6 Polymorphic Reactions Ch. 4 (134-142)
F 11/8 " "; Polytypism " "
M 11/11 Pseudomorphism, Isomorphism, Isotypism Ch. 4 (151)
W 11/13 Analytical Techniques (SEM, TEM, EMPA, etc.) Ch. 7

Part III: *Systematics (chemistry, structure) of Rock-
Forming Silicate Minerals

F 11/15 Inosilicates (amphiboles, pyroxenes) - "chain" Ch. 11 (452-462)
M 11/18 " " " "
W 11/20 " " " "
F 11/22 " " " "
M 11/25 EXAM - 3rd Midterm ---
W 11/27 NO CLASS - Thanskgiving Break ---
F 11/29 NO CLASS - Thanskgiving Break ---
M 12/2 Tectosilicates (SiO2 minerals, feldspars) Ch. 11 (475-489)
W 12/4 " " " "
F 12/6 " " " "


Th. 12/12 FINAL EXAM - 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. (Room 409 Jepson)

†BD Handouts from Blackburn & Dennen.


*In Lab Silicate Structure Types: [Ch. 11 and Ch. 12]
Nesosilicates (olivine, garnet, etc.) Ch. 11 (445-448)
Sorosilicates (epidote); Cyclosilicates (beryl, etc.) Ch. 11 (448-449)
Phyllosilicates (clays, micas, etc.) Ch. 11 (449-452)


MINERALOGY 301 - Laboratory Guideline


Readings Readings
Date Topic(s) in Nesse in Klein


8/26 Introduction to the Petrographic Microscope Ch. 2
(centering objectives, focusing)** Skim Ch. 1

FIELD TRIP – RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER


9/2 Part I - Crystal Systems and Classes, Axes, 181-189; 192-197;
Hermann- Maughin Notation, Habits/Forms 201-208


9/9 Part I - Face Intercepts and Miller Indices; 197-201;240-248;
Forms, Indices, Projections** 251-254; ~ 259-276

Introduction to the Petrographic Microscope Ch. 2
(determination of polarization direction,
calibration of oculars w/ stage micrometers)**


9/16 Part I - Forms, Indices, Projections** 248-251; 254-259

Introduction to Light Theory, Refl. vs. Refr., Ch. 1
Index of Refr., Snell’s Law, Dispersion, C.A.


9/23 Part I/II - X-ray Diffraction 309-321; Handouts

Isotropy vs. Anisotropy, Light Polarization Ch. 1


9/30 Part I/II - X-ray Diffraction Experiments** 309-321; Handouts


10/7 Part II - Physical Properties of Minerals Ch. 2; ~ 157-168
Part III - Mineral ID - Native Elements/Sulfides†† Ch. 8

Optics of Isotropic Minerals; Index Ch. 3, 4
of Refraction (Becke Line Immersion Method)**


10/14 NO LAB - Fall Break


10/21 Part III - Mineral ID - Oxides/Hydroxides/Halides†† Ch. 9

Optics of Anisotropic Minerals. Ch. 5, 7, 8
Pleochroism, refractive indices, ext. behavior,
birefringence, interference phenomena


10/28 Part III - Mineral ID - "ates" Carb./Phosph./Sulf.†† Ch. 10

Optics of Anisotropic Minerals. Ch. 5, 7, 8
esp. Calcite, Apatite pp. 141-143,
159-161

11/4 Part III - Silicate Structure Types 441-445
Part III - Mineral ID – Neso./Soro./Cyclo.†† 445-452; Ch. 12

Neso, Soro, Cyclo-Silicates in Thin Section Ch. 11, 12
Garnet, Olivine, Anda., Kyanite, Sill., Staur.


11/11 Part III - Mineral ID - Inosilicates†† 452-462; Ch. 12

Inosilicates in Thin Section Ch. 13
Clinopyroxene, Orthopyroxene, Amphiboles


11/18 Part III - Mineral ID - Phyllosilicates†† 462-475; Ch. 12

Phyllosilicates in Thin Section Ch. 14
Biotite, Muscovite, Chlorite, Serpentine


11/25 Part III - Mineral ID - Tectosilicates 475-489; Ch. 12

Tectosilicates in Thin Section Ch. 15
Quartz, Feldspars, Nepheline


12/2 LAST WEEK: continue tectosilicates and study for lab final


REQUIRED FIELD TRIP: Sat. Sept. 28th (8 am ~ 4 pm). Sulfide Mines of Mineral, VA.
OPTIONAL FIELD TRIP: Sun. Oct. 20th (8 am ~ 5 pm). Old Rag Hike, Shenandoah.
REQUIRED FIELD TRIP: Sat. Nov. 2nd (9:30 am ~ 5 pm). Morefield Mine, Amelia VA.
REQUIRED FIELD TRIP: Sun. Nov. 17th (9 am ~ 4 pm). Natural History Museum.


**Denotes homework assignment given (6 total).
††Denotes quiz given over hand sample and thin section material (6 total).

NOTE: Attendance is mandatory. Please bring lecture text and pertinent handouts to all labs.